One of my favourite poems penned by legendary Amrita Pritam is the one she wrote to express her deep anguish and heart-felt pain over the bloody partition of India in 1947. The highly moving poem titled, "Aj Aakhan Waris Shah Nu..." till this day speaks of the horror that partition brought upon people of Punjab.
Amrita Pritam reciting this poem in her voice
Another heart-rending rendition of the same poem
*****
Remembering Partition
Speaking of poems and partition, here is another one...it tells a different story, a behind-the-scene action that resulted in such horrible pain for millions of innocents who lost their lives, homes, and all human dignity.
Unbiased
at least he was when he arrived on his mission,
Having
never set eyes on the land he was called to partition
Between
two peoples fanatically at odds,
With
their different diets and incompatible gods.
‘Time,’
they had briefed him in London, ‘is short. It’s too late
For
mutual reconciliation or rational debate:
The
only solution now lies in separation.
The
Viceroy thinks, as you will see from his letter,
That
the less you are seen in his company the better,
So
we’ve arranged to provide you with other accommodation.
We can
give you four judges, two Moslem and two Hindu,
To
consult with, but the final decision must rest with you.’
Shut up
in a lonely mansion, with police night and day
Patrolling
the gardens to keep the assassins away,
He got
down to work, to the task of settling the fate
Of
millions. The maps at his disposal were out of date
And the
Census Returns almost certainly incorrect,
But
there was no time to check them, no time to inspect
Contested
areas. The weather was frightfully hot,
And a bout
of dysentery kept him constantly on the trot,
But in
seven weeks it was done, the frontiers decided,
A
continent for better or worse divided.
The
next day he sailed for England, where he could quickly forget
The
case, as a good lawyer must. Return he would not,
Afraid,
as he told his Club, that he might get shot.
~ W.H.
Auden, Collected Poems, 1976, p. 604.
“The task of settling the fate of
millions” was done in seven weeks. But the memories of the people whose fate
was settled linger for decades to come. As a daughter and granddaughter of
refugees from Pakistan, I have always been interested in learning more about
Partition. But it is not necessarily the ‘official history’ about the events
that led up to the Partition that interest me. It is the narratives of people
whose fates were decided by a line drawn on a map. More specifically, it is the
narratives of people that are closest to me that interest me the most.
Growing up I heard many stories from
both my grandmothers about what their lives were like in what is now Pakistan.
Some of these stories were also about Partition and their families’ journeys to
India. I wish I could remember much about those stories but memories about past
fade as children grow up and get busy with the mundane and not-so-mundane of
the present. I remember hearing some stories from my aunts and uncles, but
sadly I don’t remember much about the pain in those stories. What I remember
most are the stories I heard from my parents, because these were often repeated
and discussed as details would often vary from one telling to the next. In
these tellings and re-tellings, my parents who at the time of Partition were
only 13 and 7, constructed their stories from their selected and fading
memories of that time and from the selected and fading memories of what they
had heard from their parents and other relatives.
Listening to these stories would bring
up different images for me – of an imagined home where my mother played gitte with her younger sister in the aangan, of the nicely scrubbed black
slate she would carry to her school, of my naniji
walking daily to the mandir and then gurudwara in the morning, of the old haveli with a dark basement that my
naniji grew up in, of my naniji
trying to steal a handful of kaju and
pista from the large gunny bags that
my great-grandfather would store in the basement. Listening to these stories
would also bring different feelings in me – of loss and displacement, of
wondering if I would ever be able to see the place where my father was born and
learned to play gulli-danda, where my
mother first learned how to cover her head properly with her dupatta when she went out, of wondering
if my parents missed those ‘homes’ in any way, of wondering if they still
carried any pain about what they had lost.
I wanted to ask them more, but I couldn’t. I want to ask them
more, but I can’t. These are not easy memories to bring to the forefront. These
are not complete memories (which memories ever are?), these are perhaps not
even truly true memories. These are memories that take shape as people tell
them and then tell them again; these are memories that are incomplete,
fragmented, and constructed. But these are part of my history, my story. And as
I write them down, I too weave an incomplete and fragmented web of constructed
memories from my listening and re-listening of, my remembering and forgetting
Partition Stories.
My
Mother Remembers….
I was not even eight. It was just few days before August 15,
can’t remember the date.
Bau-ji (my father) told all of us to pack our things. I remember
we had these four big trunks, we packed our clothes and some utensils. Jhai-ji (my
mother) had these big copper handis
that she brought with her from her father’s home at the time of her wedding,
she didn’t want to leave those behind in case they got stolen while they were
gone. But what to do? She could take only those few and smaller utensils that
could fit in the trunks, after all who was going to carry those heavy trunks?
She hid some of those under the charpai (cot)
when we left the home. Bau-ji told us that we would be gone only for a little
while and then we would return to our home. I think he didn’t want us to worry
that we would have no home where we were going.
I remember Jhai-ji tying this piece of cloth around her waist.
She had hidden some cash and her jewelry in the layers of that cloth. She also
convinced Bau-ji that they must carry her sewing machine. It was also something
from her dowry. When we started living in Jalandhar, she actually sowed clothes
on that machine for about two years for many people in our mohalla (neighbourhood). The money she got from that really helped.
But she also felt bad that she didn’t have much education, otherwise she could
have done some other work. She always used to tell all of us daughters that we
should at least have a B.A. and if possible also some professional/vocational
training. I remember her strongly arguing with Bau-ji when he didn’t want me to
go and live in the hostel for my teacher training course.
But I am getting ahead of the story.
Back to that day…I remember this feeling of excitement that we
were going on this journey. Jhai-ji (mother) had told me that it would be a
long journey. I wore my new salwar-kameez. My bua-ji (father’s sister) and her
family also came with us in the same bus. There were seven or eight buses that
left at the same time.
I slept for most of the journey.
One time I thought I heard these strange, loud noises. Ho-ho-ho. Dhum,
dhum, dhum. Loud banging on the outside
of the bus. Darvaza kholo, sab bahar niklo (Open the door, come out all of
you!). Angry noises. I was hardly awake. I remember Jhai-ji’s face…she looked
very scared, she and other women were shouting. Shouting in fear. Too much
noise in the bus. Too much noise outside the bus. Noise of fear. Noise of fury.
I wanted to sleep.
The mobs didn’t do anything, or maybe they couldn’t. The bus
drivers and the passengers were shouting at the mobs. It was just too noisy, I
was very frightened. I started to cry, cry real loudly. There were many
children in the bus, some were still sleeping, but many were crying. I still
remember all the noise and shouting, it was so scary. I don’t want to remember
all that now.
The bus left us at some place near the border. We had to still
walk for a very long time, I think we walked for about two hours. There were
all these kafile along the road. People carrying heavy luggage. But we also saw
so many pieces of luggage just abandoned on the roadside, things being burned,
things that people couldn’t carry on their shoulders, or heads, things that
couldn’t be easily dragged. We also saw some people sitting on the side of the
dirt roads, some just lying there, don’t know if they were dead. We heard
stories later that so many women killed themselves by jumping into the wells -
also difficult to be carried along.
We had to cross some sort of canal to reach the Indian side.
There were men there who were giving directions to people on how to get to the
camp, where to register names etc. We lived in this camp for about a month.
There were all these kids running around all over the place. Women cooking
outside the tents, men just standing, talking or walking around. It seemed like
a picnic but it was not. Even I knew that. There was a strange kind of
quietness there, even when people cried.
Bau-ji went somewhere on most days. Sometimes he would go with
other men from the camp. One day he came back and told us that he had found a
house. We carried our luggage and went with him. But when we reached there, we
saw that some other people were already living in house he had ‘selected’ for
us. In those days, people were just occupying the houses that were abandoned,
no claims or proper registry was being done. All that happened much later.
Bau-ji went running, and found another house in the same street. We just
started living there.
I remember what our house looked like in Pakistan. We had two
rooms in the house, it was a two-storey house. All the buildings in that row
looked similar, with shops below and houses above. I also vaguely remember the
path I used to take to get to my school. The school was inside the Sanatan Dharma
Mandir. I didn’t have many friends, but I used to walk to school with some
other girls from our mohalla. I
didn’t have any Muslim friends, but some of our neighbours were Muslims. In
those days a lot of people kept cows at home for milk. When we were about to
leave for India, Jhai-ji asked one of the Muslim neighbours who lived next door
to take care of our cow.
I don’t remember anymore.
My
Father Remembers…to be continued….
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